Brazil has been the world's largest supplier of
aquamarine and other gem beryls for almost a century. In 1811 a unique, transparent
aquamarine crystal about 7 kg in weight was found near San Mateus in the Teofilo Otoni region in the state of Minas Gerais. The extraction of gem beryl began in the first quarter of the 20th century and continues to the present days.
Beryl,
topaz,
tourmaline,
smoky and pink
quartz,
kunzite and other gemstones are found in granite pegmatites of the Eastern Brazilian crystalline shield.
The Eastern Pegmatite province is the largest and most important pegmatite area.
Brazil is famous for splendid crystals of transparent
beryl, many of which have specific names and adorn mineralogical museums of the world. Among them are the unique specimen of zoned
heliodor, Quarto Centario, 22 kg; the deep blue
aquamarine Marta Rocha, 34,7 kg from
Teofilo Otoni; the Esterela de Alve, 19,2 kg from
Tres Barras; the blue with a greenish rim
aquamarine, Papamel, 110,5 kg from
Marambaia. A faceted Brazilian
heliodor, weighing 2054 carats, is preserved in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States.
Common inclusions in beryls are gas-liquid inclusions as needle-like channels and veil-like accumulations. Solid inclusions are muscovite, biotite, quartz, apatite, sometimes fluorite, brown tourmaline, etc.
Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, pp. 112 - 113
Gemstone List
Gem list contains entries from all listed localities in region.
Gemstones from Brazil by Colour
Click on a photo for more information.
Localities in this Region
Brazil - Bahia
- Anagé
- Brumado (Bom Jesus dos Meiras)
- Caetité
- Campo Formoso
- Curaçá river valley
- Guaratinga
- Ibitiara
- Pilão Arcado
- Pindobaçu
- Ceará
- Espírito Santo
- Goiás
- Mato Grosso
- Minas Gerais
- Pará
- Paraíba
- Borborema mineral province
- Junco do Seridó
- Pedra Lavrada
- Piauí
- Rio Grande do Norte
- Borborema mineral province
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