Pakistan

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In the early 1980s, emeralds entered the world market from the North-West Frontier Province. The main emerald-bearing region is Swat Valley. Pakistan emeralds are pale to deep green in colour with rather distinct dichroism from bluish to yellowish tints. They have good transparency and saturated colour. Their sizes are not large, and cut stones do not usually exceed 1 ct. Stones of 2 to 3 carats and good quality are very rare. The emeralds have high RI (1.582 - 1.602) and high density (2.75 - 2.78 g/cm³) due to enrichment in admixtures. Typical inclusions: dolomite, calcite, fuchsite, chromite and talc. Gas-liquid inclusions are common. The genesis of Pakistan emerald deposits is considered as pneumatolitic-hydrothermal or hydrothermal.

Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko (2003) Geology of gems, p. 98

Gemstone List

Gem list contains entries from all listed localities in region.

Apatite Axinite var: Ferro-axinite Axinite-(Fe) Bastnäsite Beryl var: Aquamarine var: Emerald var: Goshenite var: Morganite Beryllonite

Brookite Chondrodite Clinozoisite Corundum var: Ruby var: Sapphire Datolite Epidote Feldspar var: Adularia var: Orthoclase Fluorite Garnet Group

Garnet Group var: Almandine var: Spessartine Herderite Lazulite Lepidolite Parisite Peridot Petalite Pollucite Sapphirine Scheelite

Spinel Spodumene Titanite Topaz Tourmaline var: Indicolite var: Schorl Triplite Vesuvianite Xenotime Zoisite

Localities in this Region

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