| General Information | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula |
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| Physical Properties of Copal | ||||||||||||||
| Mohs Hardness | 2 to 3, Gemmological Tables (2004) More from other references | |||||||||||||
| Specific Gravity | 1.05 to 1.10, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) More from other references | |||||||||||||
| Optical Properties of Copal | ||||||||||||||
| Refractive Index | 1.539 to 1.545, Tables of Gemstone Identification (2007) | |||||||||||||
| Optical Character | Isotropic, Gemmological Tables (2004) | |||||||||||||
| Colour | ||||||||||||||
| Colour (General) | Yellow, white, red, green, blue, brown, black, Gemmological Tables (2004) | |||||||||||||
| Causes of Colour | Charge transfer processes in large organic moleculesGems & Gemology (1988) | |||||||||||||
| Transparency | Transparent,Translucent,Opaque, Gemmological Tables (2004) | |||||||||||||
| Fluorescence & other light emissions | ||||||||||||||
| Fluorescence (Short Wave UV) | Possible whitish reaction, Blue Chart Gem Identification (2010) | |||||||||||||
| Crystallography of Copal | ||||||||||||||
| Crystal System | Amorphous, Gemmological Tables (2004) | |||||||||||||
| Geological Environment | ||||||||||||||
| Where found: | Copal is a fossil resin that derived from various tropical angiosperms., Gems, Sixth Edition (2006) | |||||||||||||
| Inclusions in Copal | ||||||||||||||
| Plant and insect inclusions. - Gemstones, A. Thomas, 2009, p. 199 | ||||||||||||||
| Further Information | ||||||||||||||
| Mineral information: | Copal information at mindat.org | |||||||||||||